{"id":"W2044964642","doi":"10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00528-4","title":"Evolution of ion-exchange: from Moses to the Manhattan Project to Modern Times","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Chromatography A","topic":"Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Alberta Glycomics Centre; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Chemistry; Ion exchange; Desalination; Conductivity; Ion; Ion chromatography; Manhattan project; Chromatography; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Membrane; Organic chemistry; Nuclear physics; Physical chemistry; Physics; Biochemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00167408,0.0004243562,0.0002181828,0.0008048502,0.005665077,0.003266695,0.0006437062,0.0008969723,0.01004616],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001909981,0.0001815484,0.0001255771,0.001450574,0.01349352,0.002256983,0.002532572,0.001522187,0.0007741444],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01596099,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00985141,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.131887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2313807,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993027,0.0002202101,0.00002232164,0.00009086241,0.0001284532,0.0002354889],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990922,0.0001490637,0.0001085539,0.0000997936,0.0002712464,0.0002791972],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003383043,0.0001385537,0.008098281,0.0001675451,0.00002423242,0.0007256999,0.04472607,0.0002830123,0.002497975,0.8192035,0.01771188,0.106085],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003687942,0.0001146449,0.04153719,0.0003407465,0.00001652893,0.0004425854,0.01992338,0.0002586168,0.001976395,0.06505433,0.8702509,0.0000478425],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.4710155,0.01935226,0.002132023,0.05768453,0.0007572521,0.00004939458,0.0003618659,0.000118566,0.4485286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9382908,0.005970327,0.001281587,0.003166216,0.0001681878,0.00002060463,0.000059832,0.00008126131,0.05096113],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9943349,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2622386,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01026376516484814,"score_gpt":0.2453932571040129,"score_spread":0.2351294919391648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}