{"id":"W2045075022","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.01.015","title":"Research design strategies to evaluate the impact of formulations on abuse liability","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence","topic":"Pharmaceutical studies and practices","field":"Medicine","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Abuse liability; Medicine; Placebo; Substance abuse; Liability; Duration (music); Clinical study design; Drug; Actuarial science; Business; Pharmacology; Psychology; Clinical trial; Psychiatry; Alternative medicine; Accounting","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001972462,0.00008283755,0.0001373578,0.00004509626,0.0002428436,0.00004586557,0.00008788791,0.00002509297,0.00006819246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002059913,0.00004344293,0.00005018259,0.0002480166,0.0001279491,0.0001327849,0.00003963579,0.0002522795,0.0000229715],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003862935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008538429,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001807277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006869084,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988071,0.0002298995,0.0001558295,0.0001761306,0.0004039641,0.000227069],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980252,0.001454757,0.00002629377,0.000205959,0.0002018075,0.00008603134],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0199639,0.006277615,0.3333083,0.0009105221,0.001798897,0.0002428002,0.02900152,0.1243769,0.2069833,0.07736888,0.07395036,0.1258171],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001496996,0.001351545,0.9381573,0.0001610527,0.0001617119,0.00002892731,0.002371415,0.01218889,0.01815344,0.02281589,0.002880687,0.0002321207],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9861475,0.0004013027,0.0003423205,0.002102566,0.00001980023,0.0005350402,0.000007888105,0.00001261735,0.01043098],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992138,0.0001663822,0.000232536,0.00007343336,0.00005806717,0.00002516302,0.00000129871,0.000004832253,0.0002245189],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.604849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2732075,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2236069694604845,"score_gpt":0.508272326183829,"score_spread":0.2846653567233445,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}