{"id":"W2045585462","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2008.12.025","title":"Using sound to study bubble coalescence","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","topic":"Minerals Flotation and Separation Techniques","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Universidad de Chile","keywords":"Coalescence (physics); Bubble; Mechanics; Chemistry; Surface tension; Acoustics; Chemical engineering; Physics; Thermodynamics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006330732,0.00006680055,0.0001147493,0.00009466474,0.0002832015,0.00005846453,0.0002765956,0.00001256954,0.0002413735],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009176757,0.00005226649,0.00001909889,0.0004786736,0.0003176659,0.0006035331,0.0001142129,0.00007622928,0.00002193983],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008451173,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004248592,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003465456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001479502,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989814,0.00002773975,0.0002579808,0.0001384993,0.0004630004,0.0001313664],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995386,0.00001475565,0.0001337989,0.0000886064,0.00006331476,0.0001609215],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002216554,0.00009868566,0.03400858,6.447654e-7,0.000001787758,0.000002533502,0.003768838,0.0010125,0.9597532,0.00001653247,0.001091509,0.0002230517],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000815395,0.002416769,0.1123368,0.00004283667,0.00001497342,0.000859443,0.003513682,0.005400239,0.8692268,0.0004592005,0.00456223,0.0003515995],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9865518,0.00002365795,0.01173314,0.00008630912,0.0001022132,0.0001304991,3.173974e-7,0.000007389896,0.001364736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902434,0.00001393961,0.009079845,0.0001990181,0.00001590098,8.482882e-7,8.649092e-9,0.000002728305,0.0004443209],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09052636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.264287,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05544437936261076,"score_gpt":0.3516524051151614,"score_spread":0.2962080257525507,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}