{"id":"W2045669855","doi":"10.1002/cjce.20354","title":"Interfacial area for concurrent gas–liquid upflow through packed bed","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Packed bed; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Environmental science; Chromatography; Chemistry; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002561488,0.0003518997,0.000422219,0.0003953479,0.0001822726,0.0002721248,0.0003345537,0.0002033401,0.0008569407],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004463228,0.000133633,0.0002345031,0.000391919,0.0001974226,0.0003595472,0.000232066,0.0005027645,0.0001834951],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003150801,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001682794,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001697468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001732688,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997391,0.00001889781,0.00001275729,0.00004852353,0.0001309668,0.00004973775],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996645,0.0001271534,0.00005282949,0.00002576308,0.00009447732,0.00003523209],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002124493,0.0000467105,0.001120013,0.00002931046,0.00000827638,0.00003223988,0.00004551363,0.0002296653,0.9935955,0.00003620498,0.00003168703,0.004612272],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000338169,0.0001884994,0.004217895,0.000002169505,0.000008521193,0.00002447138,0.00001536355,0.00259355,0.9927561,0.00001347121,0.0001725048,0.000004100857],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959095,0.0003713721,0.003118196,0.0000106059,0.00001115757,0.00001009045,0.0001478848,0.0001028149,0.0003185439],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973071,0.0002114611,0.001806529,0.00001222856,0.000005355982,0.00001598894,0.0002480156,0.00001562598,0.0003777924],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001697468,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003375173,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008500961247491605,"score_gpt":0.1924691534139701,"score_spread":0.1839681921664785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}