{"id":"W2045746353","doi":"10.1007/s00126-014-0551-2","title":"Geology, market and supply chain of niobium and tantalum—a review","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mineralium Deposita","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":124,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Government of British Columbia; University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; British Geological Survey","keywords":"Carbonatite; Tantalum; Columbite; Geochemistry; Geology; Pyrochlore; Niobium; Pegmatite; Metallurgy; Materials science; Chemistry; Mantle (geology)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001329509,0.00008803161,0.0001701014,0.00003795056,0.0000230332,0.0000115574,0.00003983269,0.00004497313,0.00009238532],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003161618,0.00008200327,0.00001593695,0.0000663983,0.00003770683,0.00008628605,0.00001522149,0.0000567031,0.000003653974],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003947776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002875935,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001117064,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001889493,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995462,0.00002786172,0.0001775508,0.0001013671,0.00005413866,0.00009291701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997577,0.00004184133,0.00002860149,0.0000968866,0.00002663879,0.00004834305],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004664638,0.00008686393,0.1545065,0.01396654,0.0001675836,0.00001323261,0.0003695315,0.0001747588,0.2251626,0.005046585,0.5857549,0.01470421],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002805969,0.000520107,0.5748187,0.002410202,0.0003819191,0.001326498,0.0001338541,0.08204276,0.01698061,0.0008745799,0.3159549,0.001749897],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8539831,0.06740292,0.001824055,0.00193814,0.0002755859,0.0002916438,0.00001223671,0.000185028,0.07408727],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9889317,0.007740841,0.0005516944,0.0004412155,0.00003639286,0.00001095156,0.000009383966,0.00001200622,0.002265826],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4203122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3343996,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004896603045812149,"score_gpt":0.2096805676160121,"score_spread":0.2047839645702,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}