{"id":"W2045903795","doi":"10.1088/0004-637x/735/2/101","title":"OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE AGAINST LONG-LIVED SPIRAL ARMS IN GALAXIES","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Spiral galaxy; Stars; Tracing; Galaxy; Density wave theory; Spiral (railway); Star formation; Barred spiral galaxy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006383866,0.0001840274,0.0001695926,0.001314936,0.0003681715,0.001082634,0.0005089265,0.0004471684,0.002022104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006612007,0.000195263,0.0002195109,0.0009595471,0.001221198,0.0005652353,0.0008309021,0.0003339604,0.0003506757],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000418119,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001724896,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004191138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006223802,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995733,0.00007086088,0.00003359345,0.0001101277,0.0001309291,0.00008113361],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9892447,0.002893984,0.004307033,0.001190746,0.001221049,0.001142507],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007286989,0.000009809893,0.9940162,0.0000109893,0.00004247716,0.00005113619,0.0001756127,0.0003513659,0.001771226,0.0004812921,0.00007029215,0.002946792],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000691371,0.00003717691,0.9974491,0.00001052606,0.00002112009,0.0001439644,0.0001588965,0.000976253,0.0003960452,0.000427006,0.000368086,0.000004810629],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976549,0.0002034012,0.0004746594,0.00005209597,0.000002868691,0.000001972209,0.0001106829,0.00003250171,0.001466842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996446,0.00003236346,0.0001301526,0.000008464278,0.000004796061,9.348364e-7,0.0001141629,0.000003163826,0.0000613458],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004191138,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008333445,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05585893869294252,"score_gpt":0.2500614211612383,"score_spread":0.1942024824682957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}