{"id":"W2045926009","doi":"10.1190/1.2435171","title":"Correlation between near-surface electromagnetic soil parameters and early-time GPR signals: An experimental study","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"StemSoft Software (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Ground-penetrating radar; Reflectometry; Subsoil; Time domain; Radar; Amplitude; Geology; Envelope (radar); Permittivity; Soil science; Acoustics; Remote sensing; Geophysics; Materials science; Computer science; Physics; Soil water; Optics; Telecommunications; Dielectric","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001733238,0.000173176,0.0002058556,0.00001367568,0.0001237788,0.0000737377,0.00008534423,0.0000555318,0.000009642685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005526589,0.0001868245,0.00003886415,0.0002205535,0.00004927639,0.0001570659,0.00002705744,0.0001695866,0.0001032664],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002592896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006412371,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009245296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001915967,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990652,0.00004192278,0.0002014261,0.0002331769,0.000159249,0.000299074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994212,0.0001492486,0.00003500856,0.0002344837,0.00002512787,0.0001349273],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002339232,0.0008685607,0.0111116,0.00002256796,0.0001147398,0.000006171969,0.003981057,0.009668126,0.9421107,0.0003499686,0.00004191028,0.03170117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009894436,0.002609209,0.9135938,0.00001585242,0.0001496327,0.000002080654,0.0007866665,0.03435532,0.04141074,0.005190207,0.00008789457,0.000809208],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.994535,0.00006668371,0.00453363,0.000007309467,0.00004247961,0.0003648536,0.000004561132,0.0001770178,0.0002684339],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992443,0.000001268769,0.007341562,0.000008691115,0.00009454056,0.00001698613,0.000009332842,0.00003277642,0.00005180884],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9024822,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7618483,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01426718150984904,"score_gpt":0.263520592216605,"score_spread":0.249253410706756,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}