{"id":"W2046077703","doi":"10.1118/1.3112363","title":"Investigation of lung nodule detectability in low‐dose 320‐slice computed tomography","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Physics","topic":"Radiation Dose and Imaging","field":"Medicine","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; Toronto General Hospital; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; University of Toronto","funders":"National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; University of Toronto","keywords":"Imaging phantom; Nodule (geology); Nuclear medicine; Dosimetry; Medicine; Radiology; Iterative reconstruction; Medical imaging","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002877038,0.00009429751,0.0002548067,0.00008085171,0.00002195394,0.000005554225,0.00008837465,0.00007400985,0.00004785296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002544355,0.00008634238,0.00007549397,0.0006855784,0.0001214643,0.0001152697,0.00001564786,0.00025821,0.00000583448],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004314715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001350537,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003653258,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004238408,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987968,0.0000510515,0.0003257556,0.0001821597,0.0004814285,0.0001628312],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993555,0.00009317813,0.00007894447,0.000216816,0.00006426182,0.0001913172],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001496747,0.0009779612,0.6597878,0.0005473612,0.00006826306,0.00004315335,0.00291478,0.00009491507,0.01998084,0.0004780747,0.002188201,0.3127689],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001668001,0.0001233106,0.9003748,0.0003204297,0.00002691256,0.000003485709,0.00002082329,0.0336893,0.06098432,0.002636955,0.00004529805,0.0001064026],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938195,0.0001100013,0.003159947,0.002016666,0.00007875651,0.0002093878,0.000001568593,0.00004735353,0.0005568014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99745,0.000008262452,0.0002289613,0.002050071,0.0002205182,0.000003275017,0.00002692823,0.00000664854,0.000005361287],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3126625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.352094,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01202047253335638,"score_gpt":0.2644113000389508,"score_spread":0.2523908275055944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}