{"id":"W2047633635","doi":"10.1103/physreve.80.061141","title":"Thermodynamic constraints on fluctuation phenomena","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review E","topic":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute","funders":"Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Government of Canada","keywords":"Statistical physics; Second law of thermodynamics; Carnot cycle; Laws of thermodynamics; Entropy (arrow of time); Statistical mechanics; Consistency (knowledge bases); Gravitational singularity; Thermal fluctuations; Theoretical physics; Mathematics; Physics; Thermodynamics; Non-equilibrium thermodynamics; Mathematical analysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002231542,0.0005056551,0.0009361994,0.001350752,0.001743519,0.002494274,0.001041407,0.001415173,0.004914762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01014769,0.0004228576,0.000719291,0.000595497,0.005533648,0.0057011,0.002182884,0.002273447,0.0005903055],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009339942,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009797361,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008392432,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005197493,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984071,0.000391753,0.0001006014,0.000317339,0.0005983778,0.0001848671],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948708,0.003147794,0.0003073508,0.0008106381,0.0006216848,0.0002416571],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004944443,0.000003833828,0.00007063684,0.00001441385,0.000002019824,0.00003644533,0.00004529432,0.0007736206,0.0003822812,0.9967636,0.0003142166,0.001588643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004039814,0.000007034034,0.0001595741,0.00001153672,0.000001864872,0.00005921672,0.00002003317,0.004076755,0.0002569433,0.9925339,0.002862592,0.000006654192],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2386076,0.01450125,0.3705962,0.01203987,0.0009908685,0.0001156352,0.000654317,0.0004458177,0.3620485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9711421,0.002732057,0.01627763,0.0008585763,0.0009759043,0.0001789934,0.0001884564,0.0001479081,0.007498366],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004914762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01644152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01170228149970178,"score_gpt":0.3017193119902046,"score_spread":0.2900170304905029,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}