{"id":"W2047647434","doi":"10.3386/w8787","title":"Changes in U.S. Wages 1976-2000: Ongoing Skill Bias or Major Technological Change?","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Technological change; Economics; Labour economics; Demographic economics; Macroeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01509387,0.0004322786,0.001432471,0.003375058,0.0001437584,0.0001454788,0.001091888,0.001192496,0.003820943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00541614,0.0004304655,0.000253937,0.0008690724,0.0004342021,0.0002527889,0.0005062386,0.001476326,0.0004988913],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004271554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009337974,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005822343,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007854826,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952295,0.0001683999,0.001848141,0.001249808,0.0005861004,0.0009180798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995994,0.001425196,0.001065506,0.000688325,0.0006827061,0.0001443063],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001216813,0.0005671399,0.05583934,0.0008189556,0.0002892674,0.00009277713,0.0002700133,0.00004445252,0.000005522435,0.9203597,0.009606268,0.01198485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001395676,0.0003350773,0.02225087,0.0005474931,0.00001146201,0.00004917525,0.0001146994,0.002035447,0.0000459048,0.7916536,0.1804366,0.001124023],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08120622,0.01124016,0.00001123452,0.00803979,0.001554069,0.002414448,0.00422274,0.0001111828,0.8912002],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9439831,0.03004504,0.0003164097,0.0001025261,0.001192851,0.0005986802,0.0005283832,0.0001078353,0.0231252],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.868075,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998147,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.5427064229907894,"score_gpt":0.4650255047875755,"score_spread":0.07768091820321388,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}