{"id":"W2047906660","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.114.076402","title":"Gapped Domain Walls, Gapped Boundaries, and Topological Degeneracy","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Topological Materials and Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":155,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo","funders":"Division of Materials Research; Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; Industry Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Science Foundation; Government of Canada; John Templeton Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Topological degeneracy; Degeneracy (biology); Domain (mathematical analysis); Domain wall (magnetism); Boundary (topology); Topology (electrical circuits); Abelian group; Gapless playback; Theoretical physics; Order (exchange); Topological order; Topological defect; Symmetry protected topological order; Quantum mechanics; Pure mathematics; Mathematics; Condensed matter physics; Quantum; Combinatorics; Bioinformatics; Magnetic field","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002469243,0.0002470359,0.0005448132,0.00001314914,0.0001415207,0.0001425294,0.0001830925,0.00001309212,0.000412085],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002342838,0.0001708178,0.00012124,0.000107436,0.0003246883,0.0001112212,0.0001426564,0.0001601844,0.0001563868],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002315773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000354022,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001030905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.589409e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986073,0.000193402,0.000273923,0.0003558781,0.0001926701,0.0003768627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992517,0.00007362156,0.0001064476,0.000247323,0.0000300447,0.0002908272],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001031021,0.0007167575,0.006628602,0.0005423157,0.0001739266,0.0000246315,0.0006520275,0.00001429868,0.02896738,0.912196,0.03656715,0.0134138],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001416617,0.0002807534,0.002453108,0.0003561481,0.0001548421,0.000006110167,0.0001006421,0.00007366165,0.0007018591,0.3278899,0.6656296,0.0009368505],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9772623,0.003607578,0.0009558043,0.01435857,0.0002095655,0.0003633184,0.00003297682,0.00005420094,0.00315573],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9880152,0.0001736064,0.0008285408,0.009967941,0.0008638093,0.00006312593,0.00003831479,0.00001588984,0.00003354246],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6290624,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6965747,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02757258673554851,"score_gpt":0.2901302987025971,"score_spread":0.2625577119670486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}