{"id":"W2048148554","doi":"10.1063/1.4811090","title":"The effect of vacancies on the microwave surface resistance of niobium revealed by positron annihilation spectroscopy","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics Letters","topic":"Superconducting and THz Device Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Niobium; Vacancy defect; Positron annihilation spectroscopy; Annihilation; Spectroscopy; Materials science; Condensed matter physics; Photon; Superconductivity; Positron; Doping; Atomic physics; Electron; Physics; Nuclear physics; Positron annihilation; Metallurgy; Optics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001731781,0.0001623961,0.0002199825,0.0000108193,0.0001495073,0.00002108203,0.0002664576,0.00003168728,0.00001276855],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003107321,0.00009967988,0.00008200036,0.0001692732,0.0002073998,0.00004417067,0.00003294261,0.0002197329,0.00002353498],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001925485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008166574,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002042143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000194242,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991903,0.00005808209,0.0002008254,0.0001843515,0.0001408208,0.0002255887],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988343,0.0004821989,0.0002025875,0.0004353297,0.0000293931,0.00001623003],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001344148,0.00001597363,0.008904357,0.00001249122,0.00006724458,1.736419e-8,0.0001485309,0.00004512798,0.9585892,0.02210459,0.009799364,0.0002996722],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002553303,0.00004640814,0.0007265562,0.00001794755,0.00002620347,3.118074e-8,0.0004221701,0.000007538039,0.9955607,0.002644106,0.0001949396,0.00009807142],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9939541,0.00003388736,0.0004871892,0.002756965,0.00005968498,0.0004425554,0.00001274608,0.0000227111,0.002230223],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994724,0.000001187327,0.0001410873,0.0001624763,0.00008217424,0.00005040456,0.00001646605,0.00001887992,0.0000549275],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03697151,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4064828,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004316285215554137,"score_gpt":0.2003639825237256,"score_spread":0.1960476973081714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}