{"id":"W2049450242","doi":"10.3390/en5125171","title":"Ash Deposition in Biomass Combustion or Co-Firing for Power/Heat Generation","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":178,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Arizona Biomedical Research Commission","keywords":"Biomass (ecology); Combustion; Deposition (geology); Fly ash; Environmental science; Waste management; Bottom ash; Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Agronomy; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000826039,0.00009868396,0.0000964264,0.00009210052,0.00003906521,0.00002542629,0.00006073641,0.00008781756,0.00004579228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003031697,0.00009509335,0.00002703528,0.0001300856,0.0000143669,0.0003144249,0.00001188467,0.00003952835,0.00001582859],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000844672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006632765,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006523324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001480909,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999462,0.00001080811,0.0001459045,0.00009251415,0.00008005666,0.0002086962],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997821,0.00005496703,0.00001392366,0.00008482859,0.00002157579,0.00004253371],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001706984,0.00001734291,0.0005765681,0.00007258067,0.000009071933,5.293215e-7,0.0002536659,0.002899878,0.9936727,0.00009222303,0.0008249054,0.001563476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003233827,0.00001817726,0.0004147291,0.00002206243,0.000006690326,0.000003316406,0.0001489429,0.002657405,0.9957824,0.00002129829,0.0004655577,0.0001360636],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.994692,0.000713854,0.003616644,0.00003221228,0.0004070353,0.0001046023,0.000006771083,0.000222716,0.0002041665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981067,0.00003008857,0.001525142,0.00002156788,0.0001336912,0.000053749,0.00007252833,0.00002223288,0.00003434474],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003414657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3877794,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0200215057014683,"score_gpt":0.2459187868478497,"score_spread":0.2258972811463814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}