{"id":"W2049714728","doi":"10.1063/1.3266758","title":"The Effect of Classroom Diversity on Conceptual Learning in Physics","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Diversity (politics); Mathematics education; Physics education; Conceptual framework; Conceptual change; Psychology; Sociology; Social science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001178018,0.00006982327,0.0001097051,0.0000323613,0.0008785229,0.000074713,0.00036273,0.00005364234,0.00004583309],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009006555,0.00005150078,0.00003185133,0.0003383807,0.0004850334,0.000204139,0.00003969948,0.0002480692,0.00002056622],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005862677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001533138,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004899046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001421357,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990759,0.00007369256,0.0001048566,0.0001559276,0.0003484678,0.000241189],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993132,0.0003510031,0.00009803055,0.0000412408,0.0001345762,0.00006195188],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004219323,0.00002352102,0.6676807,0.00000249759,0.000001974087,1.828898e-7,0.09839635,0.000002126473,0.0004226177,0.1728883,0.0003799259,0.06015954],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001483746,0.003367498,0.5970332,0.0001790828,0.00002568903,6.948383e-7,0.3141826,0.001514863,0.004140007,0.02712591,0.05038108,0.0005656401],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9293441,0.00001259316,0.00003548372,0.003421835,0.0001494047,0.0001433565,2.339502e-7,0.00003115951,0.06686185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987773,0.00004382103,0.000008604087,0.0001456367,0.0001165719,0.000003312905,3.103102e-7,0.000001529088,0.0009028802],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2157862,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6756977,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05359844983830003,"score_gpt":0.3396405401451501,"score_spread":0.2860420903068501,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}