{"id":"W2050419204","doi":"10.1111/1468-2354.t01-1-00074","title":"2001 Lawrence R. Klein Lecture Estimating Distributions of Treatment Effects with an Application to the Returns to Schooling and Measurement of the Effects of Uncertainty on College Choice*","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Economic Review","topic":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":351,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Counterfactual conditional; LISREL; Veil of ignorance; Econometrics; Economics; Matching (statistics); Pairwise comparison; Probit model; Actuarial science; Mathematics; Statistics; Psychology; Microeconomics; Structural equation modeling; Counterfactual thinking; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000439132,0.0001209872,0.000284629,0.00002893776,0.00003815224,0.000005980643,0.0002104383,0.00002332175,0.000006669942],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001630393,0.00006803751,0.0000472581,0.00008653223,0.00003601829,0.00004975188,0.00002700789,0.00005981169,0.000001286659],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004442162,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008585671,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009215679,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004514112,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991562,0.0001047237,0.0003470147,0.0001684972,0.0001371727,0.00008643863],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985707,0.0005454564,0.0003497517,0.0003460058,0.0001509704,0.00003709441],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001627296,0.0008846162,0.003239325,0.009574544,0.0007808701,0.000001402091,0.0008668784,0.03286328,0.02798419,0.8523043,0.003093671,0.06824417],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003043088,0.007688483,0.006760483,0.08370168,0.001170224,0.00006113772,0.0001250634,0.01529667,0.6252404,0.221905,0.0337151,0.001292602],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6051443,0.004910938,0.3707908,0.003955335,0.000404331,0.01297098,0.0003734686,0.00008344744,0.001366329],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9785174,0.0004962344,0.02037333,0.0001305873,0.00002044064,0.0004394957,0.000004677648,0.00000983517,0.000007982449],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6303993,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2774489,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05282705166160347,"score_gpt":0.3680734952222458,"score_spread":0.3152464435606424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}