{"id":"W2050442093","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.007","title":"Algal biofuels: Challenges and opportunities","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Algal biology and biofuel production","field":"Energy","cited_by":272,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Biofuel; Biodiesel; Biomass (ecology); Arable land; Biodiesel production; Environmental science; Algae fuel; Biochemical engineering; Bioenergy; Production (economics); Pulp and paper industry; Biotechnology; Waste management; Agriculture; Agronomy; Engineering; Ecology; Chemistry; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002052695,0.0006036579,0.001421201,0.0008358022,0.0001423829,0.00002211141,0.0005044193,0.002679911,0.0002046745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009751743,0.0004412888,0.0001856164,0.0001988787,0.001114608,0.00006052852,0.0003976042,0.0007248718,0.0005750679],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005092009,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006276907,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003194475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001228736,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978753,0.0001780508,0.0005197807,0.0008224563,0.00009873004,0.0005056612],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987022,0.00007722535,0.0003539298,0.0007164113,0.00005986562,0.00009041018],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002246585,0.00002308332,6.435919e-7,0.002558069,0.0001440018,0.00001704903,0.00002463702,4.954913e-9,0.000004175576,0.04698284,0.0003164962,0.9499267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008112501,0.0001522874,0.000001258722,0.0009223661,0.000251682,0.0004299284,0.0001985609,3.450063e-7,0.00001360856,0.005113275,0.9923566,0.0004789839],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00005021788,0.9908624,0.00000126105,0.00140977,0.0002824641,0.0004425003,0.00001693737,0.0008708805,0.00606353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00004238103,0.9969421,0.0001639195,0.00005229896,0.0004036798,0.0002601338,0.00009854009,0.00007037623,0.001966569],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9920401,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998039,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1229215193961271,"score_gpt":0.293102058315322,"score_spread":0.1701805389191949,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}