{"id":"W2050574590","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2013-0405","title":"Gravity before Einstein and Schwinger before gravity","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Physics","topic":"History and Developments in Astronomy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Pittsburgh","keywords":"Physics; Einstein; Gravitation; Action (physics); Theoretical physics; Mathematical physics; Classical mechanics; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001444682,0.0006442374,0.0004637157,0.001308878,0.002769019,0.002713602,0.0003444277,0.002480426,0.003786749],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0047552,0.0003264046,0.0004510881,0.0009085222,0.01374402,0.006443397,0.001771027,0.00544476,0.001109949],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004884919,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002460121,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007282928,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007320204,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998705,0.0005629113,0.00004575868,0.0001833399,0.0003207828,0.0001822763],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985847,0.0007155552,0.00009425941,0.0001525898,0.0003221243,0.0001307747],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007882016,0.00000311896,0.00008710899,0.00001520356,0.000003414024,0.00002916676,0.0004687067,0.0000850443,0.00007850047,0.9860131,0.00955271,0.003656085],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006469525,0.00001096334,0.0002561871,0.00006243326,0.000003950712,0.00007691237,0.0002819521,0.0001795024,0.0001929177,0.7863651,0.2125478,0.00001581203],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0421514,0.1148277,0.02737873,0.310552,0.01442119,0.00003801744,0.0002835732,0.0002414401,0.4901059],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7326865,0.03563768,0.008152735,0.02748135,0.006621272,0.00006290483,0.0001301122,0.000309782,0.1889176],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007282928,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03544271,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00648738241956763,"score_gpt":0.1977802491815523,"score_spread":0.1912928667619846,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}