{"id":"W2050999693","doi":"10.1111/1541-0064.02e07","title":"The ghost in the machine: spatial data, information and knowledge in GIS","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes","topic":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Spatial analysis; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Cartography; Geography; Data science; Remote sensing","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006921115,0.001176347,0.001213272,0.00628186,0.00763337,0.02157399,0.00223378,0.006831159,0.00587695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01567929,0.0007375783,0.0008264947,0.01412668,0.04471548,0.03207373,0.007010723,0.008187631,0.001265667],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007016485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005910803,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01447058,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01553007,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9906764,0.007182053,0.0002227498,0.0005066501,0.001108588,0.0003035679],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9774482,0.01934952,0.0006128795,0.001303612,0.0008138055,0.0004719378],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001973208,0.00001005118,0.0003582805,0.0002357209,0.00001789214,0.000197576,0.01893077,0.0004164335,0.00008826477,0.8954316,0.05991504,0.02437876],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000870782,0.00001695485,0.0004827111,0.0006894671,0.00001070502,0.0002207447,0.008607689,0.001299414,0.0001355535,0.5210502,0.4674442,0.00003359414],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01062155,0.2269858,0.117129,0.4396472,0.02342889,0.0001011924,0.0003993432,0.0003824534,0.1813046],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4877268,0.2191254,0.1050782,0.0558879,0.05269657,0.0006644115,0.0008098169,0.001709566,0.07630146],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9923666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05090839,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01305460079046277,"score_gpt":0.2354219562806332,"score_spread":0.2223673554901704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}