{"id":"W2051046357","doi":"10.1111/j.1944-9720.2011.01143.x","title":"Grammar Teaching and Learning in L2: Necessary, but Boring?","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foreign Language Annals","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Grammar; Corrective feedback; Perception; Psychology; Linguistics; Mathematics education","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001279515,0.0001729245,0.0002139695,0.0001809188,0.0005653314,0.0001595859,0.0001429568,0.00005730912,0.001161941],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002939574,0.0001527947,0.00005987911,0.000027469,0.00009304414,0.0003220708,0.00006718995,0.001084834,0.00005297874],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001022142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001188127,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006225568,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005315553,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986681,0.000331377,0.0002289708,0.0002538848,0.0001384785,0.0003791277],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995285,0.0001198165,0.00009609378,0.0001508796,0.00002463104,0.00008011969],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004416024,0.00009791872,0.01502007,0.00007921282,0.00004293743,0.0002334817,0.6900079,0.00001736061,0.0001906523,0.2083764,0.001112853,0.084777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001506891,0.0008468028,0.01716376,0.0006814243,0.00006654892,0.00006700301,0.604313,0.001246146,0.0006724964,0.01267736,0.3592313,0.001527325],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6431252,0.0008105736,0.00003523361,0.00005246294,0.00005639782,0.0000657482,0.00000303316,0.0001524245,0.3556989],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9821499,0.00001757751,0.0003967267,0.00044196,0.0004068706,0.00001066518,0.00001546965,0.00003484018,0.01652597],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3581184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997512,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05635341710952654,"score_gpt":0.2720758200661154,"score_spread":0.2157224029565888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}