{"id":"W2051406683","doi":"10.1021/es0608085","title":"Humic Substances in Soils:  Are They Really Chemically Distinct?","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":380,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Humin; Lignin; Soil water; Chemistry; Fraction (chemistry); Macromolecule; Organic matter; Environmental chemistry; Carbon fibers; Primary (astronomy); Soil organic matter; Humic acid; Organic chemistry; Soil science; Environmental science; Materials science; Biochemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003989143,0.0002379695,0.0004542048,0.0008369469,0.0004638028,0.001332858,0.0003074985,0.001006599,0.0004858491],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006902599,0.0001875705,0.0001334101,0.0005497501,0.001821701,0.001579369,0.000561539,0.000404239,0.0001442508],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004336745,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000375921,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006258848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001346475,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996623,0.00006827318,0.00001773778,0.00009026312,0.0001067506,0.00005471118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996325,0.00006938675,0.0001359304,0.00002272587,0.00006203804,0.00007729511],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006759195,0.0001352438,0.06272403,0.002007248,0.000257672,0.00090857,0.00145615,0.000666748,0.7233974,0.02224064,0.001083583,0.1844468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001103658,0.001107243,0.483392,0.0004997872,0.0002751944,0.00732805,0.01105681,0.002269436,0.252228,0.1309156,0.1105892,0.0002282347],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9180198,0.06720261,0.005499864,0.002911525,0.0002482594,0.00003231686,0.000280624,0.00004784972,0.005757095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9813695,0.01183766,0.003355404,0.001902266,0.0002709919,0.00001804576,0.000228345,0.00001264436,0.001005255],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001332858,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003146529,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004775459282316544,"score_gpt":0.1814391151423516,"score_spread":0.176663655860035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}