{"id":"W2051406683","doi":"10.1021/es0608085","title":"Humic Substances in Soils:  Are They Really Chemically Distinct?","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":380,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Humin; Lignin; Soil water; Chemistry; Fraction (chemistry); Macromolecule; Organic matter; Environmental chemistry; Carbon fibers; Primary (astronomy); Soil organic matter; Humic acid; Organic chemistry; Soil science; Environmental science; Materials science; Biochemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002435953,0.0001588469,0.0001661299,0.00007546574,0.0002086801,0.0000355342,0.0007147262,0.0001518701,0.0001045645],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002621685,0.0000732183,0.00004646127,0.0008687828,0.001185035,0.0001422237,0.0002041555,0.0001953713,0.00005153332],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002360761,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008713143,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004383278,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008331187,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998385,0.00001614348,0.0002293296,0.0005142835,0.000327556,0.0005277594],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996817,0.00003317129,0.0001074953,0.0001120244,0.000005781437,0.0000598092],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006431948,0.0001001464,0.3840239,5.494138e-7,6.748153e-7,0.0000128563,0.00001024561,0.000008873229,0.6053765,0.000528202,0.000008916169,0.009922674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001338803,0.00008631057,0.9474912,0.00001003043,0.000002952029,0.00002200223,0.0005500388,0.0003226912,0.04217071,0.008203633,0.0007753944,0.0002311455],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959928,0.0002791294,9.71894e-7,0.0009761257,0.00005765119,0.0001279111,0.00001703762,0.0001292169,0.002419187],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99962,0.00004724522,0.00008530036,0.00007192081,0.00004567155,0.00002262055,0.00001659317,0.000001306332,0.00008937522],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5634673,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4648998,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004775459282316544,"score_gpt":0.1814391151423516,"score_spread":0.176663655860035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}