{"id":"W2051470763","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.04.008","title":"Production and characterization of ash-free coal from low-rank Canadian coal by solvent extraction","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fuel Processing Technology","topic":"Coal and Its By-products","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Centre for Clean Coal/Carbon and Mineral Processing Technologies; Carbon Management Canada","keywords":"Coal; Vitrinite; Solvent; Chemistry; Extraction (chemistry); Autoclave; Thermogravimetric analysis; Yield (engineering); Mineralogy; Organic chemistry; Materials science; Metallurgy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008414302,0.0001177556,0.0001512482,0.0002061282,0.0001464432,0.00005168062,0.0001789694,0.0001780729,0.0003407171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001286068,0.0001070423,0.00001108848,0.00027442,0.0001690009,0.000488443,0.00001733369,0.0001644191,0.00004855703],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009807468,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001101348,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0494964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02992216,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990768,0.00001711779,0.0002050378,0.0003349163,0.0001241835,0.0002419789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994451,0.000009270871,0.0001443731,0.0002119405,0.0001120574,0.00007719715],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004644239,0.00007512198,0.271912,0.0002883853,0.00002517588,0.00000460124,0.0003525805,0.00002314751,0.371542,0.00002149628,0.00368149,0.3520275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004016489,0.0002458555,0.8872629,0.0001750091,0.00003799042,0.00005359677,0.0003394485,0.004229312,0.08598206,0.007075728,0.01375923,0.0004371929],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9913895,0.0009024868,0.0001506702,0.006540477,0.000369866,0.0002276755,0.00009641321,0.0001026421,0.0002203372],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987096,0.00009691971,0.0004613386,0.00006285409,0.0001229475,0.000004677195,0.0003586111,0.000004971329,0.0001781231],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6153509,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9877792,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00796238199887331,"score_gpt":0.1874145647151225,"score_spread":0.1794521827162492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}