{"id":"W2052120911","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2008.10.013","title":"Sonoporation by Ultrasound-Activated Microbubble Contrast Agents: Effect of Acoustic Exposure Parameters on Cell Membrane Permeability and Cell Viability","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology","topic":"Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":354,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Sunnybrook Health Science Centre; Health Sciences Centre; University of Toronto","funders":"University of Warwick","keywords":"Sonoporation; Microbubbles; Pulse repetition frequency; Ultrasound; Permeability (electromagnetism); Pulse duration; Membrane permeability; Materials science; Biomedical engineering; Viability assay; Pulse (music); Biophysics; Sound pressure; Membrane; Chemistry; Cell; Medicine; Acoustics; Optics; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005215624,0.0003788952,0.0007310039,0.0001275883,0.000109643,0.000007738456,0.000191122,0.0002721937,0.0001614835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005309682,0.0003035673,0.00006632647,0.0003010978,0.0007489521,0.00008861204,0.000010195,0.000432758,0.000009902015],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001201293,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002752869,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000226589,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003297425,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998075,0.0002535593,0.0006256401,0.0004962204,0.0001388442,0.0004107417],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960986,0.003156979,0.0001243313,0.0004278624,0.00005868836,0.0001335171],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008827939,0.000179406,0.03741543,0.0002129095,0.0000265845,0.00000116532,0.0007482954,0.00123604,0.959061,0.000005735207,0.0007073051,0.000317886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005459922,0.002866494,0.03404373,0.00008610537,0.0001499472,0.00008161349,0.0004845224,0.0005579668,0.9519489,0.0002374353,0.00336752,0.0007158758],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958574,0.0005996904,0.0009151883,0.00005609835,0.000176389,0.0007704994,0.0001167092,0.0001201418,0.001387869],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981299,0.0009869304,0.000199794,0.0001102881,0.00005265899,0.00009258092,0.0003546289,0.00003696257,0.00003623812],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007112095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999416,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008685519869271704,"score_gpt":0.2227853542510994,"score_spread":0.2140998343818276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}