{"id":"W2052545879","doi":"10.7202/1012995ar","title":"Migration and Equality: Should Citizenship Levy Be a Tax or a Fine?1","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Les ateliers de l éthique","topic":"Taxation and Legal Issues","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Citizenship; Economics; Political science; Law and economics; Public economics; Law; Politics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005351114,0.0001509159,0.0001533025,0.0001184216,0.0001566901,0.0002753851,0.00009223541,0.000174429,0.0003863714],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003916311,0.0001235026,0.00004359416,0.0002011527,0.00005460595,0.0006091081,0.00006191312,0.0002137528,0.00007411876],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003164546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001294148,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005086419,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003206137,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991425,0.00003601782,0.0001932844,0.0001614865,0.0001526384,0.0003140369],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995455,0.00006599759,0.0001493592,0.0001351782,0.00007060028,0.00003333471],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002512542,0.0001104646,0.2999835,0.0005654668,0.00007707221,0.00001831974,0.003585439,0.00002520652,0.002694385,0.6340665,0.04241112,0.01621131],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006578691,0.00002000295,0.0425774,0.00007779849,0.00007577033,0.00001223242,0.001802542,0.001639265,0.000850942,0.007147918,0.9446598,0.000478418],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9426717,0.0004752998,0.001825863,0.01022359,0.0002257985,0.0002687108,0.000006053049,0.0002493647,0.0440536],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9833875,0.00002970093,0.0006462578,0.01280313,0.001003102,0.00002545202,0.00003187795,0.00002318523,0.002049853],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9022487,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7689177,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09424800382546637,"score_gpt":0.299511028500983,"score_spread":0.2052630246755166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}