{"id":"W2053806146","doi":"10.2202/1935-1682.2436","title":"Trade Liberalization, Standards and Protection","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy","topic":"Global trade and economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Subsidy; Economics; Tariff; Externality; International economics; Welfare; International trade; Revenue; Incentive; Liberalization; Free trade; Microeconomics; Market economy; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001546813,0.0004925193,0.0006054773,0.0008329517,0.001008613,0.005314052,0.0005323219,0.002312157,0.01610838],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004821286,0.0002611303,0.0008229869,0.001788156,0.00496245,0.003809097,0.002590554,0.002679616,0.0005895301],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004275181,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003467989,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009839533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006376546,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982852,0.000712708,0.00007496273,0.0002860984,0.0002985813,0.0003423582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953977,0.001936371,0.001376922,0.0005942954,0.0004553567,0.0002393384],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000507218,0.00006806746,0.001827695,0.0001423744,0.00003991939,0.0001086581,0.0001694237,0.02091438,0.0004285831,0.9633847,0.002651337,0.01021412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005610325,0.0001068834,0.003126339,0.0002511332,0.00003531221,0.0001100416,0.0003852092,0.008709523,0.0004819755,0.9479157,0.03879447,0.00002722727],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2307632,0.01359705,0.05842528,0.03780685,0.0005123736,0.0002095556,0.001109489,0.0003246797,0.6572515],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9842336,0.003145919,0.001900422,0.001123608,0.0001130825,0.00003375432,0.00008513866,0.00001799668,0.009346459],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01610838,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05388796,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03009511170828571,"score_gpt":0.2468294175297527,"score_spread":0.216734305821467,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}