{"id":"W2053854091","doi":"10.1055/s-2009-1216530","title":"Variability of In Vitro Macrophage Activation by Commercially Diverse Bulk Echinacea Plant Material is Due Predominantly to Bacterial Lipoproteins and Lipopolysaccharides","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Planta Medica","topic":"Herbal Medicine Research Studies","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute on Drug Abuse; Agricultural Research Service; University of British Columbia; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka; University of Colombo; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Western Carolina University; International Science Council; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kurukshetra University; National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine; China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine; National Institutes of Health; National Center for Research Resources; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; National Science Foundation; Deutsche Krebshilfe; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Tata Trusts; University Grants Commission; Wake Forest University","keywords":"Macrophage; In vitro; Polymyxin B; Monocyte; Biology; Echinacea (animal); Traditional medicine; Biotechnology; Microbiology; Biochemistry; Immunology; Medicine; Antibiotics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001031198,0.0002458216,0.0007862161,0.000203748,0.0000825549,0.00001791983,0.0001740506,0.0001720208,0.0002826161],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00175178,0.0001956866,0.00004284925,0.0002235008,0.0001857909,0.0001126062,0.0001499255,0.0003287343,0.000006857468],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001357479,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001622056,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002364422,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004608218,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997694,0.0001664672,0.000533464,0.0004248903,0.0007164041,0.0004647834],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998799,0.0002980766,0.0001240798,0.0003104166,0.0000714765,0.0003969243],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.008182104,0.0004518938,0.001803831,0.0002887612,0.00006378187,0.0001575471,0.00249692,5.856221e-8,0.9529949,0.000009502376,0.008365392,0.02518525],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004969582,0.00202422,0.06619052,0.000909693,0.0001048786,0.0001066172,0.0003990808,0.0001078449,0.9204502,0.00008686591,0.004368532,0.0002820411],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.989399,0.0000469424,0.00007559946,0.007712998,0.0002419432,0.001178237,0.001075804,0.00003595708,0.0002335482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977798,0.0002489017,0.0005952275,0.0006555578,0.0004039917,0.00003292486,0.0002102461,0.00001441109,0.00005897348],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06438669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7979867,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01284108674574883,"score_gpt":0.2778601460131599,"score_spread":0.265019059267411,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}