{"id":"W2053956713","doi":"10.1007/s11156-009-0118-y","title":"Trading costs and price discovery","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting","topic":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Price discovery; Futures contract; Transaction cost; Cash; Financial economics; Electronic trading; Business; Asset (computer security); Corporate finance; Index (typography); Economics; Open outcry; Forward market; Algorithmic trading; Alternative trading system; Finance; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005681051,0.0001337958,0.0005070363,0.00007391439,0.00009474057,0.00006594812,0.00007905788,0.00003388791,0.00001287169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002186932,0.0001304319,0.00005640208,0.0002132625,0.00008582177,0.0009951172,0.00002192326,0.00008178501,0.000005692891],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000172439,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001321013,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002794198,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001148059,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989909,0.00001083526,0.0005187249,0.0002688064,0.00003210852,0.000178619],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992769,0.00007604039,0.0004883389,0.000108723,0.0000322675,0.0000177811],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005252753,0.00002683245,0.005447115,0.001327857,0.000007534826,0.000001132491,0.00008357345,1.553789e-7,0.00005513704,0.9850682,0.0003661365,0.007611097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008449192,0.0008651461,0.7142798,0.02517576,0.00003999266,0.00001540756,0.0002746221,0.001242819,0.0001824026,0.1253937,0.1306893,0.0009961879],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4970226,0.4636657,0.0005381638,0.0008343032,0.00007667645,0.0002475624,0.00003633346,0.00001125634,0.03756742],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7325261,0.2650155,0.001429618,0.0009183143,0.00002423033,0.000005418879,0.000003562088,0.0000062984,0.00007108362],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8596745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5318857,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03806923221826068,"score_gpt":0.2739858281134214,"score_spread":0.2359165958951607,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}