{"id":"W2054065543","doi":"10.1126/science.1165448","title":"Molecular and Evolutionary History of Melanism in North American Gray Wolves","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"melanin and skin pigmentation","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":419,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Institute of General Medical Sciences; National Human Genome Research Institute","keywords":"Melanism; Canis; Gray wolf; Biology; Melanocortin 1 receptor; Evolutionary biology; Domestication; Locus (genetics); Genetic diversity; Zoology; Natural selection; Gene flow; Genetics; Gene; Phenotype; Genetic variation; Ecology; Selection (genetic algorithm); Population; Demography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009330257,0.0000380453,0.00004735062,0.00004850742,0.00001509321,0.000002478277,0.00008980767,0.00001083623,0.000001601174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002628734,0.00003634595,0.00000999079,0.0001377113,0.0003360999,0.000004160077,0.00001948955,0.00002003055,4.320972e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002913134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009301403,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000210225,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000344575,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999569,0.00001298042,0.00007117804,0.000153913,0.000104146,0.00008877871],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998072,0.000001918238,0.00003702395,0.00009806122,0.00002356483,0.00003221913],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007833233,0.00001852738,0.03311273,0.000001555686,7.590344e-7,0.000001843571,0.0001152043,0.00002942603,0.9634084,0.0001582433,0.0001041564,0.003041364],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001379887,0.0002447924,0.8830462,0.000003259532,0.000001767241,0.000005684557,0.00006441699,0.00008847831,0.1149464,0.0001532088,0.00123235,0.00007543133],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978521,0.0008223152,0.0001516683,0.00004102055,0.00004732939,0.00003733949,0.000001002396,0.000001886168,0.001045367],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987668,0.00006564269,0.0009278546,0.0001624746,0.000008543939,0.000001232172,0.00000501153,0.000001344469,0.00006104504],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8499335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1482145,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005789717869781789,"score_gpt":0.2333802561479837,"score_spread":0.2275905382782019,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}