{"id":"W2054259403","doi":"10.1021/es4006459","title":"Ethanol or Bioelectricity? Life Cycle Assessment of Lignocellulosic Bioenergy Use in Light-Duty Vehicles","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"AUTO21 Network of Centres of Excellence; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","keywords":"Life-cycle assessment; Biofuel; Electrification; Bioenergy; Gasoline; Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Engineering; Waste management; Energy source; Electricity; Fossil fuel; Production (economics); Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001238119,0.0001970608,0.0002442299,0.000777177,0.00008517067,0.00003516458,0.000569389,0.0002232985,0.0002398248],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002858377,0.0001626705,0.00003595116,0.00193533,0.0005349752,0.0004873701,0.0001643358,0.0003359703,0.00003068813],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003484753,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005290608,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009950066,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001980844,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998418,0.00001451991,0.0003331909,0.000354062,0.0002988243,0.0005813813],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994417,0.00002768329,0.00006846058,0.000347495,0.000007703229,0.0001069683],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001890503,0.00008240567,0.02422926,0.000006936488,0.000007594401,0.000004877156,0.00003001852,0.004148867,0.9484236,0.0003995191,0.00008369194,0.02258134],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003956896,0.0002938667,0.1150957,0.00001765527,0.000006533232,0.00001830425,0.0001378973,0.07662467,0.8054588,0.001042123,0.0006057274,0.000303023],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998224,0.0002359045,0.0003253243,0.0003142749,0.00007641494,0.0002305975,0.000004143636,0.000166693,0.0004226567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977471,0.0002450891,0.001803657,0.00007540933,0.00001556327,0.00004132023,0.000001770303,0.00002094635,0.00004918488],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1429648,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6633511,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005236270658709895,"score_gpt":0.1995926471688847,"score_spread":0.1943563765101748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}