{"id":"W2054391580","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-5812.2008.00483.x","title":"Philosophy, Critical Thinking and Philosophy for Children","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Educational Philosophy and Theory","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":160,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy for Children; Critical thinking; CONTEST; Epistemology; Philosophy of education; Sociology; Cognition; Parallel thinking; Pedagogy; Psychology; Philosophy; Critical systems thinking; Higher education","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001118248,0.0001802081,0.000182829,0.0001186994,0.001625525,0.0001595586,0.0002104241,0.0001297369,0.0002217803],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001066989,0.0001806791,0.0000690555,0.0001515168,0.0007326977,0.0003018391,0.0000307149,0.0001909444,0.00002056876],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005361175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003236275,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007730344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001065403,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984745,0.0001876196,0.0002494714,0.0004036413,0.0003532776,0.0003314831],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981043,0.001215617,0.00004859575,0.0001448853,0.0001797033,0.0003068455],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003350299,0.0002193795,0.0008274561,0.00002248316,0.00002051056,2.370026e-7,0.006232447,1.208591e-7,0.0000036371,0.9891424,0.0006290559,0.002868816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002400499,0.00006801236,0.01155769,0.00008496567,0.00002719777,0.000005923873,0.0003540392,9.356444e-7,0.000007537961,0.9849558,0.00246136,0.0002365263],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02832006,0.002882323,0.00070684,0.737239,0.001280935,0.0007818415,0.0000414143,0.0001525511,0.228595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9786938,0.000149026,0.004247961,0.01265131,0.003831047,0.00005079031,0.00003987622,0.00001392154,0.0003223075],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9503737,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996742,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.026749595777139,"score_gpt":0.336902427585511,"score_spread":0.310152831808372,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}