{"id":"W2055455840","doi":"10.1175/2010mwr3452.1","title":"The North American Lightning Detection Network (NALDN)—Analysis of Flash Data: 2001–09","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Weather Review","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":132,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Lightning detection; Lightning (connector); Flash (photography); Meteorology; Environmental science; Peak current; Climatology; Upper-atmospheric lightning; Geography; Geology; Lightning strike; Thunderstorm; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005857192,0.0001804741,0.000529252,0.00004021422,0.0002361365,0.00004467868,0.0005753238,0.00001443743,0.0001462962],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001785097,0.0001171815,0.0001967949,0.001221432,0.00009142444,0.00008724639,0.0001104091,0.0002757599,0.00003862715],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009280862,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003165104,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004581405,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001859753,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986018,0.0001026283,0.0004059339,0.0003145474,0.0001891227,0.0003859757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982598,0.0001216059,0.0003555315,0.001117147,0.00006054578,0.00008535974],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001616648,0.0001319066,0.1238857,0.0001050266,0.002946515,9.481154e-7,0.0001554176,0.0003275666,0.0006103424,0.0009342256,0.01471323,0.8561729],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001642542,0.0001460698,0.04908426,0.0001984915,0.003902163,4.513467e-7,0.00002648015,0.004347397,0.0001309412,0.0002813495,0.9413372,0.0003809209],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8506895,0.08311737,0.002009051,0.001916709,0.0008134432,0.001254203,0.0002042493,0.0001528123,0.05984269],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937896,0.003341576,0.0006081682,0.000185216,0.0007315412,0.00006875839,0.0001670022,0.00003453804,0.001073653],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.926624,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4778524,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01119390152391444,"score_gpt":0.2487100537462616,"score_spread":0.2375161522223471,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}