{"id":"W2055734610","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.012","title":"Classification of tree species based on structural features derived from high density LiDAR data","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","topic":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":130,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Forest Research Institute; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Tree (set theory); Cluster analysis; Remote sensing; Scale (ratio); Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Geography; Cartography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000428207,0.0001195927,0.0001582916,0.00001507335,0.0001179765,0.0000241392,0.0002291746,0.00009045863,0.0002294278],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003362408,0.00006819353,0.0000261233,0.00009521204,0.0002577212,0.0001287361,0.0001186322,0.00009840247,0.00006974571],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001852373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002779834,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005595274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003183945,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991993,0.00005872656,0.0001444128,0.0003285117,0.0001250755,0.0001440125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993439,0.0001185567,0.00009690292,0.0003612998,0.00001698864,0.00006229492],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005123667,0.00005257322,0.2039355,0.000004530744,0.00003453895,0.000001079369,0.0002082698,0.0003161149,0.7608575,0.000906929,0.005404677,0.02822699],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001753676,0.00006664413,0.9921795,0.000002516277,0.00002430886,0.000004669002,0.00007552893,0.001962823,0.004013718,0.001182799,0.0002172988,0.0000948677],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961765,0.00001530171,0.00007286939,0.001938875,0.00006068146,0.0001723658,0.0000358283,0.00002333428,0.001504193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960439,0.000006288496,0.003075494,0.0001434102,0.00005881599,0.000002811749,0.0004976712,0.000003720454,0.0001679012],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7882439,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8458418,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01533003799892149,"score_gpt":0.2090082377256002,"score_spread":0.1936781997266787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}