{"id":"W2056147382","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2014.11.088","title":"Exploring impacts of process technology development and regional factors on life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of corn stover ethanol","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Government of Canada; Government of Ontario","keywords":"Corn stover; Greenhouse gas; Cellulosic ethanol; Life-cycle assessment; Corn ethanol; Biofuel; Ethanol fuel; Environmental science; Renewable energy; Stover; Biorefinery; Environmental engineering; Fossil fuel; Gasoline; Waste management; Engineering; Production (economics); Economics; Agronomy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003600032,0.000280647,0.0001741851,0.0002875885,0.0001937783,0.0004699279,0.000244112,0.0002219423,0.0009455267],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003277736,0.0001293889,0.0005145746,0.0003882173,0.0001539169,0.0004478863,0.0001855651,0.0002169685,0.0001033855],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009896825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004814581,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02851889,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03781316,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998859,0.00002599101,0.000004842688,0.00002421136,0.00002178743,0.00003715028],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998337,0.000108195,0.00001693038,0.000005799667,0.00002647633,0.000008836244],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006572737,0.001262484,0.289628,0.000248758,0.0005781331,0.0008727802,0.0002909013,0.1497742,0.5059159,0.002158033,0.0003184738,0.04237958],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009417888,0.002272388,0.5409055,0.00001349243,0.0006035217,0.0001053055,0.001102391,0.08640805,0.3651852,0.001134315,0.002126691,0.00004897501],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99935,0.00003500902,0.0001183206,0.000006946123,7.485519e-7,0.000002554858,0.00007020369,0.000001571882,0.0004146937],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992477,0.0000798668,0.0001197554,0.000004057951,4.367141e-7,0.000002605563,0.0001038048,0.000002542651,0.0004391518],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02851889,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05670577,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03356838196806249,"score_gpt":0.2166746522836969,"score_spread":0.1831062703156344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}