{"id":"W2056599202","doi":"10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.01.010","title":"Humans to Mars: A feasibility and cost–benefit analysis","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Acta Astronautica","topic":"Planetary Science and Exploration","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Mars Exploration Program; Exploration of Mars; Engineering; Risk analysis (engineering); Politics; Business; Systems engineering; Astrobiology; Engineering management; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001261783,0.0001003858,0.0001451739,0.00008542026,0.0001066833,0.00006639591,0.0001175296,0.0000164859,0.0005846788],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003340925,0.00009253113,0.00005256857,0.0002988998,0.00003317587,0.0003127022,0.00004195103,0.00006751969,0.0002320989],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002153012,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001652708,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007860734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002031516,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992024,0.00001411479,0.0001411132,0.0002719407,0.0001319846,0.0002384125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995351,0.00002461369,0.00003229368,0.0002334185,0.00002247364,0.0001520332],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003368951,0.0001512478,0.9143426,0.000002029712,0.000199166,4.55642e-7,0.0006424528,0.002433002,0.001044292,0.004046128,0.001674918,0.07543005],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003334498,0.0000959818,0.9226921,0.000004852202,0.0002241936,3.128419e-7,0.0003456389,0.008492365,0.0002064733,0.001110859,0.06625602,0.0002377724],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899344,0.00001136249,0.005842165,0.001880651,0.00002112462,0.0001809237,0.00007716587,0.00001937814,0.002032802],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964815,9.004606e-7,0.002644964,0.0001648947,0.0001172226,0.00001259793,0.0002590548,0.000003621491,0.000315288],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07519228,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6401823,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02319908862555999,"score_gpt":0.2671615179448732,"score_spread":0.2439624293193132,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}