{"id":"W2056811888","doi":"10.4067/s0718-27242011000300009","title":"Innovation Trends in NAFTA Countries: an Econometric Analysis of Patent Applications","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of technology management & innovation","topic":"Firm Innovation and Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Intellectual property; TRIPS architecture; International trade; TRIPS Agreement; Econometric analysis; Legislation; Developing country; Business; World trade; Free trade agreement; Economics; International economics; Political science; Free trade; Economic growth; Law; Engineering; Econometrics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["bibliometrics"],"consensus_categories":["bibliometrics"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001449508,0.0001281565,0.0004944504,0.04363189,0.00004174105,0.00001975472,0.0003986439,0.0001649026,0.0004325083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005074306,0.0001463838,0.00007087722,0.04716027,0.00007834605,0.0005349796,0.00005632229,0.0002049443,0.00001551229],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001758064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001187796,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002137991,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001075419,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971639,0.000009057856,0.002341216,0.0002387789,0.00007794527,0.0001691133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964186,0.000009204974,0.002655027,0.0003697961,0.0005344175,0.00001293444],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000217611,0.0002659509,0.1957443,0.00001909492,0.0004238808,0.000002023572,0.0000935186,0.00008358085,0.00002446645,0.7866874,0.0001159194,0.01651809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001290335,0.0003516341,0.8546524,0.00002068039,0.0001577558,0.000003834747,0.0005112264,0.001316111,0.0005352991,0.122718,0.01815839,0.0002843583],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9368994,0.0001603415,0.0460813,0.0008575897,0.0001671174,0.0002159867,0.0000340294,0.00003543336,0.01554875],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942268,0.00009682052,0.005135271,0.0002133647,0.00001961084,0.00003402733,0.00007666906,0.00001182608,0.0001856277],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6639695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9730928,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07684209864584857,"score_gpt":0.2584572463090211,"score_spread":0.1816151476631725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}