{"id":"W2056980087","doi":"10.3141/2433-05","title":"Using Field Data to Evaluate Bottom Ash as Pavement Insulation Layer","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Natural Resources; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Subgrade; Frost (temperature); Polystyrene; Bottom ash; Geotechnical engineering; Thermal insulation; Penetration (warfare); Materials science; Penetration test; Base course; Composite material; Environmental science; Layer (electronics); Geology; Fly ash; Engineering; Polymer","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006834444,0.0004155007,0.000290585,0.001036751,0.0004489344,0.0004715145,0.000487896,0.0002529436,0.0006255885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000773456,0.0001262157,0.0001564271,0.001138873,0.0003127058,0.0002685653,0.0001490801,0.0002350699,0.0002112576],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001749283,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001259533,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1928916,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5269946,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995402,0.00004851965,0.00001839995,0.00009385261,0.0002416052,0.00005746875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986468,0.0001820181,0.0002313087,0.00006677909,0.0007800506,0.00009313275],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000580141,0.0006543865,0.7503256,0.0003243522,0.0001250511,0.0003108745,0.000804811,0.004553509,0.2046771,0.0000979666,0.0004214393,0.03712473],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010071,0.0007565578,0.9754604,0.00001661666,0.00003920582,0.00004692358,0.0006711241,0.002115808,0.01957122,0.00003117419,0.001269377,0.00001160407],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962621,0.0001082796,0.00131207,0.000005518263,0.000005274202,0.00009127099,0.0007758056,0.0000288423,0.001410746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916707,0.000200678,0.005131511,0.00001813083,0.000004145767,0.0000597765,0.001509855,0.0000105969,0.001394549],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1928916,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3835377,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3293403282849713,"score_gpt":0.4481138400731131,"score_spread":0.1187735117881418,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}