{"id":"W2057226439","doi":"10.1093/chemse/26.8.1015","title":"Determination of Saltiness from the Laws of Thermodynamics--Estimating the Gas Constant from Psychophysical Experiments","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Senses","topic":"stochastic dynamics and bifurcation","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermodynamics; Entropy (arrow of time); Chemistry; Second law of thermodynamics; Mathematics; Law; Statistical physics; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009037348,0.0004926116,0.0008747406,0.001556875,0.0003244411,0.00102064,0.0007388471,0.0008099365,0.00188756],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005501841,0.0004098827,0.0004716091,0.0005569795,0.0009224081,0.003103364,0.001113109,0.001118228,0.001119904],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000456853,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004855803,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008700992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001088039,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995921,0.00004907302,0.00002802731,0.00008907868,0.0002157171,0.00002601317],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989688,0.0005777717,0.0001475766,0.0001128117,0.0001429868,0.00004996642],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002480396,0.00009736527,0.0160989,0.001084622,0.0001072812,0.0002704529,0.0004253029,0.01916995,0.7840649,0.0436958,0.0009325453,0.1338049],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003913415,0.0003793578,0.05436922,0.0001968198,0.0001216849,0.001572903,0.0003073814,0.2867836,0.4741234,0.1686059,0.0132102,0.0002903225],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2868983,0.004901617,0.6946231,0.000414598,0.0001889582,0.0002454276,0.000712769,0.0007707342,0.01124449],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8430178,0.004863851,0.1485224,0.0002206947,0.00008971104,0.0002021434,0.0004163292,0.0002012826,0.002465795],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00188756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006314516,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01318572681329225,"score_gpt":0.2675607100669226,"score_spread":0.2543749832536303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}