{"id":"W2057691077","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-3992.2009.01133.x","title":"Inclusive Achievement Testing for Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Test Takers: Essential Considerations for Test Developers and Decision Makers","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Educational Measurement Issues and Practice","topic":"Disability Education and Employment","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Ell; Accountability; Test (biology); Government (linguistics); Standardized test; No child left behind; Equity (law); Achievement test; Political science; Language assessment; Psychology; English language; Public relations; Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Teaching method","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002114357,0.000129116,0.0001208173,0.00004141072,0.001499152,0.0004066132,0.00005684313,0.00004543771,0.00005129894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.103024,0.0001228859,0.00002182739,0.00009097559,0.0001833442,0.0003464656,0.00002605473,0.00005986066,0.000002428243],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001714648,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007077053,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004258592,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000589828,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986703,0.00007951049,0.0002651174,0.0003264361,0.0004478232,0.0002108492],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9886548,0.009237464,0.0001369688,0.00008244598,0.001687278,0.0002010607],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008286298,0.006998331,0.06646917,0.0002632328,0.0002640693,0.00000252921,0.15944,0.00003699815,0.00520507,0.4014929,0.1363333,0.2226659],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001988371,0.0007965352,0.1046026,0.0002362543,0.0003950092,0.00002026527,0.09344415,0.0001292247,0.00008943016,0.1183324,0.6793038,0.000662024],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05241347,0.002157657,0.002050287,0.928278,0.001316055,0.003906266,0.000103572,0.00007582469,0.009698877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8214747,0.0002172198,0.1734451,0.003603147,0.0007861763,0.0001361445,0.00002366472,0.000008531233,0.0003053184],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9246749,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998007,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.125304747687676,"score_gpt":0.4253981248863941,"score_spread":0.3000933771987181,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}