{"id":"W2058095428","doi":"10.2118/162649-ms","title":"Unstable Displacement: A Missing Factor in Fracturing Fluid Recovery","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Hydraulic fracturing; Drainage; Petroleum engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Displacement (psychology); Fracturing fluid; Wetting; Fracture (geology); Water injection (oil production); Well stimulation; Capillary action; Surface tension; Materials science; Reservoir engineering; Composite material; Petroleum","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003105007,0.0002957329,0.0002914417,0.000512786,0.0003122828,0.0003697281,0.000301691,0.0003348013,0.001295277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002214337,0.0001541533,0.0002046554,0.0002783843,0.0008187367,0.0007034202,0.0004177431,0.0004625579,0.0001143144],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002974802,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003112336,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003334855,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001877871,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997609,0.00002353912,0.0000219038,0.00004097762,0.00009318883,0.00005945742],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988972,0.000559928,0.0002648827,0.00009467049,0.0001208912,0.00006251367],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008830601,0.0002536563,0.1325844,0.0003314448,0.00007201194,0.001240933,0.0002766343,0.07938574,0.7261927,0.002907253,0.0004761622,0.05539607],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002600479,0.0004062573,0.1349803,0.00003419814,0.00006890541,0.0006467335,0.0003392545,0.4241701,0.4365296,0.001841912,0.000881041,0.00007575873],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9878323,0.0002231172,0.01104849,0.000094194,0.000009931876,0.00002028833,0.00007198766,0.0000744038,0.0006252563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99928,0.00001845889,0.0005639702,0.000004915078,0.000001125918,0.000002909686,0.00001582813,0.000005802682,0.0001071065],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9966651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006630898,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01492853280041177,"score_gpt":0.2147171346613777,"score_spread":0.1997886018609659,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}