{"id":"W2058126074","doi":"10.1118/1.2403968","title":"Calculation of lateral buildup ratio using Monte Carlo simulation for electron radiotherapy","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Physics","topic":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; University Health Network","funders":"","keywords":"Monte Carlo method; Electron scattering; Dosimetry; Electron; Dosimeter; Computational physics; Physics; Linear particle accelerator; Scattering; Radiation; Optics; Computer science; Nuclear medicine; Beam (structure); Nuclear physics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001054635,0.0001294594,0.0002149283,0.00002556477,0.00006151676,0.00001279415,0.0001041818,0.00006040725,0.00003652621],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000468194,0.0001221684,0.0001168182,0.0001096308,0.00005539005,0.0001459403,0.000007972609,0.00009701275,1.353762e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006521559,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005389933,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002540203,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001648715,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990413,0.00002572519,0.0002784314,0.0001640372,0.0002983818,0.000192106],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994969,0.00008873885,0.000155653,0.0001419283,0.00007658713,0.00004013813],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003272379,0.0006682409,0.07647192,0.00006830056,0.0002242787,8.911092e-7,0.0003767413,0.7283006,0.07740047,0.02021294,0.00058688,0.09536149],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001670386,0.0001025466,0.0008552596,0.0000379548,0.00002554033,2.255009e-7,0.000001328338,0.8937481,0.0864751,0.01495117,0.001922325,0.0002100285],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.285302,0.00008005019,0.7141951,0.00003187964,0.00003955876,0.0002821419,0.000009049139,0.00003488063,0.00002533475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9866666,0.000003067013,0.01202208,0.00003592794,0.001120115,0.00002544774,0.00003209266,0.00003161855,0.00006306786],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.702173,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4981883,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01125475545802416,"score_gpt":0.3158613228406826,"score_spread":0.3046065673826585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}