{"id":"W2058156970","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-5661.2005.00185.x","title":"City–suburban electoral polarization in Great Britain, 1950–2001","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Electoral geography; Conurbation; Residence; Geography; Voting; Polarization (electrochemistry); Economic geography; Regional science; Political science; Demographic economics; Demography; Sociology; Economics; Politics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003298568,0.00007444573,0.000179645,0.0001069802,0.0001846829,0.000027142,0.0002290658,0.0001107768,0.0001598972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004779024,0.00008756619,0.0001621189,0.001000012,0.0005402701,0.0004807139,0.000004081826,0.0001376781,0.00000212802],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000863917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001384533,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3466568,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5942839,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987271,0.0001228305,0.000375244,0.0001385673,0.0003197708,0.000316503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995073,0.00002746787,0.0001049655,0.000148619,0.000123237,0.00008840324],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000697459,0.0008615823,0.8569654,0.0001302608,0.0001505614,0.000004971828,0.002453289,0.01167119,0.003320458,0.009301885,0.001453984,0.1136167],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002232004,0.0002310627,0.9406409,0.0008498465,0.0002315344,0.00001976465,0.0005712452,0.0008017809,0.002929469,0.004272668,0.04647167,0.0007481035],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932129,0.0001876222,0.001620254,0.001454908,0.0003646193,0.0003227356,0.0000385898,0.000033632,0.002764709],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986809,0.00002782869,0.0003663211,0.00005118906,0.0000723466,0.0000126448,0.000003652883,0.000007113876,0.0007779603],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.247627,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6576939,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0229579783952184,"score_gpt":0.2855344703255837,"score_spread":0.2625764919303653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}