{"id":"W2058435253","doi":"10.15376/biores.9.1.725-737","title":"Thermal Characteristics of Lignin Residue from Industrial Processes","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BioResources","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior","keywords":"Lignin; Biorefinery; Steam explosion; Pulp and paper industry; Kraft process; Kraft paper; Pulp (tooth); Materials science; Kappa number; Raw material; Extraction (chemistry); Chemical engineering; Organic chemistry; Chemistry; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002466433,0.0001104151,0.0001506645,0.00002329291,0.00001872644,0.00003213313,0.0001678572,0.0001315289,0.00009803095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003514579,0.00009458148,0.00002613324,0.00008770538,0.0000453404,0.00005644194,0.00002654376,0.0000976592,0.0000570517],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007736026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001633806,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001045707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001551169,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994574,0.000006884601,0.0001886696,0.00009676647,0.0001110143,0.0001392463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996624,0.00005797046,0.00004313971,0.0001443915,0.00003618947,0.00005590801],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007682279,0.00005018646,0.06344385,0.000224827,0.0001071349,0.000004265451,0.00127369,0.00002177642,0.8600749,0.000004889438,0.06987672,0.004910088],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001874874,0.00001340658,0.008342775,0.00005958038,0.00001210222,2.620252e-7,0.0001252122,0.00005056876,0.9877875,0.00001814855,0.003276396,0.0001265455],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940096,0.000283622,0.000001322546,0.00002708976,0.00009940594,0.00007022833,0.0000565179,0.0001284182,0.005323859],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991081,0.00001987045,0.00009960039,0.00001311448,0.000584992,0.00001353198,0.00002721204,0.00002049882,0.0001130684],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1277126,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3856921,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01142248822288914,"score_gpt":0.1711802596780818,"score_spread":0.1597577714551927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}