{"id":"W2058541354","doi":"10.1139/w05-069","title":"Nitrification in activated sludge batch reactors is linked to protozoan grazing of the bacterial population","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Microbiology","topic":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Nitrification; Activated sludge; Biology; Nitrite; Nitrate; Population; Microbiology; Nutrient; Environmental chemistry; Food science; Ecology; Chemistry; Environmental engineering; Nitrogen; Sewage treatment; Environmental science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000169328,0.00007610562,0.0001329053,0.0001107115,0.00004654326,0.000007972483,0.0001916084,0.00008093318,0.0003345594],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002533965,0.00005377796,0.00005283726,0.0001926474,0.00005078141,0.00009248445,0.00001447682,0.0001052665,0.00002346366],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003945882,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007339081,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008505665,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04961492,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993062,0.00008926994,0.0002936121,0.00009519128,0.00003459466,0.0001811169],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995704,0.00001178516,0.0001832397,0.0001050671,0.00001486374,0.0001146033],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002960539,0.0000111119,0.137388,9.225761e-7,0.000007151594,0.000001782754,0.0004789011,0.00003875227,0.8607029,0.000001376573,0.000335359,0.001004115],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000439868,0.00007478205,0.495957,0.00002386054,0.00001058857,0.00006883235,0.00003932686,0.000002660382,0.4933275,0.00003031498,0.009953273,0.00007195519],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981787,0.000009447859,0.000001594848,0.001330991,0.0001525009,0.0002634728,0.00001479667,0.000001246927,0.000047314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990609,0.000001006658,0.0006930354,0.0001205777,0.00005670763,0.000002269462,0.00001106639,0.000006087624,0.00004831618],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3673755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980968,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01159455911161356,"score_gpt":0.2091304429723223,"score_spread":0.1975358838607087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}