{"id":"W2059234183","doi":"10.1139/s03-078","title":"A review of the impact of chemical pretreatment on low-pressure water treatment membranes","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Membrane fouling; Ultrafiltration (renal); Microfiltration; Membrane; Chemistry; Fouling; Turbidity; Water treatment; Membrane technology; Environmental chemistry; Coagulation; Pulp and paper industry; Chromatography; Environmental engineering; Environmental science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005164145,0.001104058,0.001606312,0.002465884,0.0003657115,0.0008601262,0.0009423479,0.001030196,0.003617683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007660073,0.0003248202,0.0005426074,0.004165313,0.0002701323,0.001624368,0.0003515487,0.0007590544,0.003200657],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006119606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009057093,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001386299,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002066823,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996923,0.00003660341,0.00004597152,0.00005635842,0.0001493144,0.00001946371],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994461,0.0002365559,0.00007044518,0.00001813649,0.0002020885,0.00002669573],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007245839,0.000110582,0.0001733581,0.02510816,0.0000725473,0.0003668363,0.00006402814,0.0009500186,0.01285034,0.001989807,0.01762648,0.9406155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001696106,0.0002477613,0.001482196,0.003643366,0.0001335164,0.00177317,0.00006373012,0.0002233129,0.005515199,0.001294597,0.9855742,0.00003184476],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005681298,0.9958304,0.0007888246,0.0001483215,0.0002913481,0.00001132264,0.00003922352,0.0000199076,0.002302578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001265978,0.9959939,0.00084449,0.0001350231,0.0001531856,0.00001205777,0.00006017788,0.000003343657,0.001531911],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003617683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01210231,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01187304951973758,"score_gpt":0.2596230377409524,"score_spread":0.2477499882212148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}