{"id":"W2060063806","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450810363","title":"Experimental Validation of a Two‐Phase Flow Model for Pressure Drop and Liquid Hold‐up in Downflow Packed Bed Bubble Reactors","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pressure drop; Bubble; Mechanics; Two-phase flow; Closure (psychology); Momentum (technical analysis); Packed bed; Flow (mathematics); Drop (telecommunication); Fraction (chemistry); Mass fraction; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Materials science; Physics; Chromatography; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009627141,0.0009994779,0.001068113,0.0002948972,0.0005092065,0.0008871272,0.001493638,0.0009616864,0.0009490977],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001274311,0.0005099959,0.0005854512,0.0001947639,0.000490863,0.0006355543,0.0005483478,0.001135124,0.0002741416],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001317916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006345105,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0170971,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005578489,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999474,0.00009413691,0.00003790739,0.0001066435,0.0002373036,0.000050079],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990985,0.0004253587,0.00006112656,0.0001271085,0.0002389036,0.0000489451],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007198656,0.0007574899,0.006740153,0.0003147598,0.00003998644,0.000244643,0.0001988999,0.5140477,0.4594387,0.001107276,0.0003566576,0.01603389],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003843651,0.0003178598,0.0009817963,0.000003588553,0.00001100236,0.00001163137,0.000006738106,0.8980399,0.1003094,0.0000471413,0.0002215225,0.0000109955],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9348323,0.0001940702,0.06273811,0.0001034617,0.00004604102,0.0001540569,0.0003140903,0.0005810644,0.001036854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904551,0.00008820292,0.008540865,0.00001460272,0.000003861118,0.00008920876,0.0002122068,0.00002496503,0.0005708835],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0170971,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03399521,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009687605813221624,"score_gpt":0.2148184419695723,"score_spread":0.2051308361563507,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}