{"id":"W2060801625","doi":"10.1007/s11661-006-0212-x","title":"Characterization of the nucleation and growth behavior of copper precipitates in low-carbon steels","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","topic":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels","field":"Engineering","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Nalco (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Nucleation; Materials science; Copper; Transmission electron microscopy; Ferrite (magnet); Precipitation; Niobium; Austenite; Growth rate; Classical nucleation theory; Diffusion; Metallurgy; Crystallography; Thermodynamics; Microstructure; Chemistry; Composite material; Nanotechnology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002180112,0.0001867279,0.0002606194,0.0007844779,0.000570779,0.0003973744,0.0003222623,0.000313603,0.0006269648],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005682321,0.0001810454,0.0001636793,0.0003221772,0.0003198988,0.0002053473,0.0001116669,0.0002096935,0.0001557021],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001038008,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000481062,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01228139,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01324088,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998154,0.00001440799,0.000009608011,0.00003782419,0.0000874291,0.00003528102],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995059,0.00008289086,0.00007528471,0.00003181332,0.0002488511,0.00005519047],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001475948,0.00002155032,0.001974223,0.00003817978,0.000004711228,0.0000621481,0.00004469919,0.0004718918,0.9956808,0.0001195918,0.00005976862,0.001374781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001058389,0.00009592207,0.01791425,0.000003000132,0.000006992659,0.00007845001,0.00003454924,0.005217745,0.9762015,0.00002831852,0.0004030694,0.000005528843],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964243,0.0003372361,0.001613087,0.00001842285,0.000006847711,0.0000192724,0.0001489943,0.0000601586,0.001371691],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975067,0.00008802384,0.00138843,0.000006526686,0.000004003595,0.00001063075,0.0002344408,0.00001623273,0.0007449304],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01228139,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02441978,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005515896206492832,"score_gpt":0.1707380073115326,"score_spread":0.1652221111050398,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}