{"id":"W2062141561","doi":"10.4236/oje.2014.44021","title":"Long Term Effect of Major Disturbances on the Northern Mixed Grassland Ecosystem—A Review","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Journal of Ecology","topic":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Grassland; Disturbance (geology); Grassland ecosystem; Ecosystem; Context (archaeology); Grazing; Environmental resource management; Agroforestry; Environmental science; Ecology; Geography; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001834512,0.00008564843,0.0003408292,0.00001461416,0.00007145389,0.00002158398,0.000647735,0.00002243727,0.0007397421],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001029469,0.00004031137,0.00008299675,0.0000616729,0.00005071595,0.00007694938,0.0001587415,0.00009133718,0.0001225968],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003381099,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004165582,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001819405,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001794495,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988945,0.0004312723,0.0003083711,0.0000973429,0.0001461323,0.0001223807],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990612,0.0003002881,0.0004198534,0.0001684724,0.00000775048,0.00004246608],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005119391,0.00004470424,0.9687837,0.0001230399,0.00004601632,0.00001342555,0.00001455483,0.00004258819,0.00003708717,0.00002958207,0.01663496,0.01417911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007317199,0.00133857,0.972493,0.0005538887,0.00009299987,0.0000316705,0.000006222688,0.00001202667,0.0001632461,0.00008884694,0.02441193,0.00007586495],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9847842,0.0003492874,0.00002117842,0.00291481,0.0002710702,0.0003722433,0.000001645214,0.000001095745,0.01128442],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988033,0.0003797599,0.0000128195,0.0004304957,0.00005183025,0.000009448578,6.817922e-7,0.00000501002,0.0003066702],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01410325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8099657,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008106050726631947,"score_gpt":0.2389461557324487,"score_spread":0.2308401050058168,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}