{"id":"W2062230541","doi":"10.1111/0008-4085.00043","title":"Public policy and R&D when research joint ventures are costly","year":2000,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Innovation Policy and R&D","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Alliance; Joint venture; Political science; Public policy; Humanities; Subsidy; Welfare economics; Business; Economics; Business administration; Philosophy; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01495558,0.0003855171,0.0007022446,0.002617378,0.00228736,0.01185841,0.001006938,0.005206354,0.03207248],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05787928,0.0005515431,0.0007289932,0.003006322,0.004966723,0.005951805,0.003704556,0.002799859,0.002593556],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006480387,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008607145,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002127457,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002662271,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9874449,0.005794747,0.0006575049,0.001246746,0.002247261,0.002608831],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8568096,0.08870027,0.03654621,0.00753596,0.004411531,0.005996507],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003469001,0.0002716787,0.02906695,0.0006724279,0.0001129693,0.0007257444,0.0009234151,0.008682562,0.001619284,0.8756137,0.009644062,0.07232022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003242727,0.0004984243,0.05482006,0.00105341,0.0002010197,0.001161989,0.004368142,0.008365433,0.002842255,0.7408332,0.1854176,0.0001142107],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2899565,0.01199094,0.0463951,0.0590369,0.0005732722,0.0005167815,0.001078553,0.0002742761,0.5901777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9552193,0.003812867,0.00284021,0.001996993,0.000357564,0.0003110501,0.0002183232,0.0000396778,0.03520397],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03207248,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1072931,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4524676166386228,"score_gpt":0.248862332729864,"score_spread":0.2036052839087587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}