{"id":"W2063139515","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.09.001","title":"Measurements of groundwater velocity in discrete rock fractures","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","topic":"Groundwater flow and contamination studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Toronto and Region Conservation Authority; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Groundwater; Fracture (geology); Geology; Borehole; TRACER; Hydraulic head; Groundwater flow; Aperture (computer memory); Dilution; Soil science; Groundwater model; Advection; Diffusion; Hydraulic fracturing; Aquifer; Mineralogy; Hydrology (agriculture); Geotechnical engineering; Mechanics; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006595491,0.0001305001,0.0003896125,0.0001075519,0.00004597965,0.000008455702,0.0002449906,0.00007994774,0.0004664559],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004385569,0.00009365277,0.00009717961,0.00009959593,0.00009042145,0.0003184394,0.0001013751,0.0001860016,0.00004720604],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001569113,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001320101,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002244217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00159107,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984731,0.0001301015,0.0006506391,0.0001319034,0.0003710545,0.000243167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993976,0.00005110456,0.0003440249,0.0001129024,0.00004013902,0.0000542525],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003824284,0.0004514614,0.8825077,0.00001340896,0.0001214729,0.00006499578,0.002952266,0.005564142,0.04094279,0.00002766581,0.0008101764,0.06616145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001875838,0.0006336322,0.9432608,0.00002818548,0.00004841609,0.0001084494,0.0001012463,0.0007331085,0.02816511,0.0000931917,0.02478494,0.000167071],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928685,0.0001804024,0.004969389,0.0009157258,0.0001631225,0.00007713235,6.249535e-7,0.000002990293,0.0008221144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985831,0.00002281341,0.0003506042,0.0003035808,0.00006640446,0.000003018724,5.6909e-7,0.000007015097,0.0006629294],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06599437,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5107365,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01509588129739729,"score_gpt":0.2556133410680691,"score_spread":0.2405174597706718,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}