{"id":"W2063337234","doi":"10.1002/wcc.148","title":"Earth system models: an overview","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":321,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Earth system science; Biogeochemical cycle; Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Climate change; Climate model; Radiative forcing; Forcing (mathematics); Carbon cycle; Climatology; Global warming; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Ecology; Ecosystem; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005082387,0.0004046047,0.0005416342,0.00001258146,0.0002765703,0.00002428956,0.0005862063,0.0001172365,0.003318687],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001840813,0.0003235676,0.0002266626,0.0002104871,0.0002173468,0.001186105,0.001904369,0.0001841876,0.003294525],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002485553,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001788999,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001054505,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009580385,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977102,0.000175409,0.0005917873,0.0006554491,0.0002542247,0.0006129469],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986199,0.000007973394,0.0002525415,0.0008162324,0.000003359713,0.000300044],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004211056,0.002576401,0.04770013,0.003136688,0.00009963603,0.0004629,0.0754023,0.001645802,0.0005687426,0.01245211,0.00322913,0.8523051],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003213433,0.005946528,0.1411564,0.01375425,0.001058891,0.001480974,0.0282585,0.6378933,0.0001423749,0.01103248,0.1475649,0.008497817],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.547368,0.06844494,0.007541094,0.0002599107,0.002373614,0.006667099,0.0001295226,0.001195673,0.3660202],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7660284,0.1807284,0.04768211,0.001721019,0.0005499251,0.001763581,0.000135033,0.0002931982,0.001098373],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8438072,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999216,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1672479730488159,"score_gpt":0.3067570296510667,"score_spread":0.1395090566022508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}