{"id":"W2063448633","doi":"10.1503/cmaj.100375","title":"New approaches to rewarding pharmaceutical innovation","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Medical Association Journal","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Drug Policy Research Network; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Pharmaceutical industry; Pharmaceutical sciences; Computer science; Data science; Drug industry; Knowledge management; Management science; Engineering ethics; Medicine; Pharmacology; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002736841,0.0001153601,0.0002489334,0.0005274906,0.000201863,0.0002224433,0.0003193452,0.0003450261,0.01158482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002020039,0.0001367624,0.00008043163,0.000525994,0.0000172653,0.00019891,0.00002796773,0.001395228,0.002565904],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005493073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009922435,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009396307,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003984314,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983276,0.000020223,0.0007336178,0.000216656,0.0001444163,0.0005575386],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971756,0.00007959834,0.0002366217,0.0001121022,0.00005427799,0.002341847],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005055196,0.00001664922,0.03347757,0.000003434739,0.00007057509,0.00001826634,0.0002260732,0.00001146316,0.00002394617,0.653509,0.2642216,0.04841639],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000468468,0.00001205287,0.00514118,0.000004702958,0.00000337023,0.00005650238,0.00001491103,0.001493449,0.00004297071,0.02477481,0.9678172,0.0001703757],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2155727,0.0001743575,0.005559816,0.606835,0.006106813,0.0002496351,0.0001194544,0.00004295621,0.1653392],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9064949,0.00005062727,0.002266235,0.08354943,0.006118847,0.000007444118,0.000009802254,0.00003204788,0.001470691],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7035956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982107,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1239400253679965,"score_gpt":0.2932230162627565,"score_spread":0.16928299089476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}